Tucson, AZ —Today Southwestern wolf advocates challenged the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in court over its 2017 Mexican wolf recovery plan, which violates the Endangered Species Act, excludes the best available science, and imposes an arbitrary population cap admittedly based on “social tolerance,” increasing endangered lobos’ extinction risk.
A 2012 draft plan written by agency-appointed scientists recommended a management target of at least 750 Mexican wolves in three populations across their native Southwestern range connected via wildlife corridors. The Service’s deeply flawed final 2017 recovery plan, devised in closed meetings with only state game department representatives present, ignores the best available science and doesn’t come close to the scientists’ recommendation, targeting a total of just 320 wolves and using an interstate highway as an arbitrary boundary restricting their territory.
“This recovery plan was designed by politicians and anti-wolf states, not by independent biologists,” said Matthew Bishop of the Western Environmental Law Center. “It’s an affront to the ESA and Congress’ directive make decisions solely on the best available science.”
The Service claims the plan is peer reviewed, but the agency failed to incorporate the valid scientific concerns raised by many of the peer reviewers and leading wolf experts, including but not limited to Dr. Carlos Carroll, Dr. Richard Fredrickson, the American Society of Mammalogists, the Society for Conservation Biology, Mike Phillips and David Parsons.
“The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service has kowtowed to anti-wolf interests instead of heeding the best available science,” said Christopher Smith, southern Rockies wildlife advocate for WildEarth Guardians. “This new plan is a dramatic swerve away from recovery and toward extinction and with this lawsuit, we are demanding the Service reverse course.”
“The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service needs a plan that guarantees a large enough population of Mexican wolves to be viable over the long term, with sufficient habitat wolves to flourish,” said Greta Anderson of Western Watersheds Project. “But the current recovery plan doesn’t do that, and instead the federal government seems more intent on appeasing anti-wolf political interests than in doing its job, which is recovering endangered species to healthy and secure population levels.”
The plan fails to account for the wolves’ current genetic crisis due to inbreeding, defies science with its made-up population cap, incorporates incomplete and uncertain data, and includes inaccurate assumptions about mortality rates.
The plan eschews Mexican wolf conservation in areas of suitable but currently unoccupied habitat, including the southern Rocky Mountains and the Grand Canyon area. It focuses solely on a single area where the subspecies currently resides and is restricted from leaving. The Service never analyzed other suitable habitat, including those identified in a significant body of scientific literature for recovery purposes.
The plan also ignores variations in which habitat is suitable resulting from climate change, and assumes – in the absence of any meaningful data or analysis on available prey density – Mexico possesses sufficient habitat to support restoration efforts. In addition, the plan ignores the impacts of a border wall that would prevent any connectivity between the U.S. and Mexican lobo populations.
“Mexican wolves are an essential part of the country’s first wilderness area and other southwestern forests”, said Judy Calman, staff attorney with the New Mexico Wilderness Alliance. “To thrive, our wildest places need keystone species like the wolf, and we remain committed to ensuring its actual recovery from the brink of extinction”.
The plan fails to properly analyze and address the likelihood of extinction, how long it could take, and what degree of risk is acceptable even if the final plan’s criteria are met. It relies on flawed population abundance, geographic distribution, and genetic criteria determinations, including a faulty definition of “surviving to breeding age” that requires no evidence of breeding in the wild, as well as inaccurate data and science on the number of “effective releases” needed to ensure adequate genetic representation in the two wild populations.
“The plan excludes crucial habitat surrounding and including Grand Canyon, Zion and Bryce Canyon national parks, which are core areas scientists consider most likely to support recovery of this imperiled carnivore,” said Kim Crumbo, conservation director for Wildlands Network. “The plan also excludes southwestern Colorado, an area that contains more public land and prey for wolves than anywhere else in the U.S. outside of Alaska. For these reasons, the plan doesn’t protect Mexican wolves; it fails them.”
Under the plan, only two isolated populations –a single subpopulation in of approximately 320 wolves in the U.S. and a Mexican subpopulation of 200 –is required for delisting. This conflicts with the Endangered Species Act’s mandate to conserve/recover the Mexican wolf subspecies “throughout all or a significant portion of its range” as well as the Service’s own definition of recovery. If Mexican wolf numbers in Mexico increase to 200 but the subspecies remains limited to a single isolated population in the U.S., Mexican wolves are not “recovered” under the Endangered Species Act. Not a single published peer-reviewed study suggests otherwise.
Today’s suit is brought by WildEarth Guardians and the Western Watershed Project represented by attorneys at the Western Environmental Law Center. The New Mexico Wilderness Alliance and the Wildlands Network will join the suit once their notice period has run.
Background:
The lobo, or Mexican wolf, is the smallest, most genetically distinct, and one of the rarest subspecies of gray wolf. The species was listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1976, but recovery efforts have largely foundered because the Service has yet to implement scientifically recommended recovery actions.
Although lobos once widely roamed across the southwestern U.S. and Mexico, the Mexican wolf was purposefully eradicated from the U.S. on behalf of American livestock, hunting, and trapping interests. Recognizing the Mexican wolf’s extreme imperilment, the Service listed it on the federal endangered species list in 1976, but recovery efforts have largely foundered because the Service has yet to take the actions science shows is necessary to restore the species.
In 1998, after the few remaining wolves were put into captivity in an attempt to save the species, the Service released 11 Mexican wolves to a small area on the border of Arizona and New Mexico now known as the Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area. The program has limped along ever since, with illegal killings and sanctioned removals subverting recovery.
At last official count, 113 wolves roam the American Southwest. Mexican wolves are at tremendous risk due to their small population size, limited gene pool, threats from trapping, Wildlife Services’ activities, and illegal killings.
Contacts:
Matthew Bishop, Western Environmental Law Center, 406-324-8011, gro.w1732237242alnre1732237242tsew@1732237242pohsi1732237242b1732237242
Christopher Smith, WildEarth Guardians, 505-395-6177, gro.s1732237242naidr1732237242aught1732237242raedl1732237242iw@ht1732237242imsc1732237242
Greta Anderson, Western Watersheds Project, 520-623-1878, gro.s1732237242dehsr1732237242etawn1732237242retse1732237242w@ate1732237242rg1732237242
Judy Calman, New Mexico Wilderness Alliance, 505-615-5020, gro.d1732237242liwmn1732237242@yduj1732237242
Kim Crumbo, Wildlands Network, 928-606-5850, gro.k1732237242rowte1732237242nsdna1732237242ldliw1732237242@obmu1732237242rc1732237242
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