{"id":28385,"date":"2026-08-29T09:25:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T15:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/?page_id=28385"},"modified":"2026-10-15T11:07:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T17:07:16","slug":"pwfactsheet","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/es\/pwfactsheet\/","title":{"rendered":"Aguas producidas: No aptas para su descarga ni para su reutilizaci\u00f3n fuera del yacimiento petrol\u00edfero."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Produced-Water-Legislative-Fact-Sheet-Header2.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;produced water: Unsafe for discharge or off-oilfield reuse. The misconceptions, the facts, and next steps&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Produced Water Legislative Fact Sheet Header(2)&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;header image&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Background&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><b>Background<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><b>What is produced water? <\/b>Produced water is a wastewater byproduct from the drilling and production of oil and gas. It\u2019s a combination of the water and chemicals that go down the well, and the formation water and chemicals that come with the oil or gas that is extracted. Produced water contains known and unknown pollutants. Produced water is significantly different from brackish water.<\/p>\n<p><b>What is in produced water? <\/b>Produced water can contain oil, grease, suspended solids, dissolved solids, heavy metals, organics, naturally occurring radioactive materials, dissolved gases, and other known and undisclosed hydraulic fracturing\u00a0 chemicals. Many are known hazards, including arsenic, barium, bromide, mercury, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. These chemicals have the potential to cause cancer, adverse developmental and reproductive outcomes, and other harmful effects to humans and the environment.<\/p>\n<p><b>Can produced water be treated so it\u2019s safe for humans and the environment? <\/b>According to the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission (Commission) in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.env.nm.gov\/opf\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2025\/05\/2025-05-24-WQCC-23-84-SOR-signed-bt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 produced water rule<\/a>, there is insufficient data on the characterization and treatment of produced water to discharge it into the environment in a way that complies with state water quality standards and protects human health and the environment.<\/p>\n<p><b>What about emerging science? Have there been studies since 2025 showing it\u2019s safe to discharge to water sources or reuse outside the oilfield? <\/b>While the science has progressed, the peer-reviewed literature does not demonstrate that produced water can be treated for safe discharge or off-oilfield reuse. Contrary to industry assertions, new studies are narrow in scope and scale, add disclaimers to the conclusions, and identify the need for additional study.<\/p>\n<p><b>Is New Mexico in compliance with the 2019 Produced Water Act? <\/b>Yes. In 2025, the Commission passed a produced water rule proposed by the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) regulating discharge and reuse of treated and untreated produced water, satisfying the requirements of the act.<\/p>\n<p><b>What does the Commission\u2019s 2025 produced water rule do?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Allows science and the development of treatment technologies to move forward by authorizing non-discharging \u201cpilot projects\u201d of any size or scale.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Based on scientific evidence, the rule protects human health and the environment by prohibiting reuse outside the oilfield and discharge of treated and untreated produced water to surface and ground water.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">The rule \u201csunsets\u201d in 2030 to give the state the opportunity to revise the rule in response to scientific progress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>What about discharge and reuse in the oilfield? <\/b>The New Mexico Oil Conservation Commission (OCC) exercises rulemaking authority over discharge and reuse of produced water in the oilfield. The OCC prohibits discharge and allows recycling of produced water for oil and gas drilling and production.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Getting the facts straight&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.9&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h4><b>Getting the facts straight<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><b>Economically and technologically viable treatment technologies for produced water DO NOT exist and are NOT ready for implementation at scale.<\/b><b><br \/><\/b>Studies to treat produced water involve long \u201ctreatment trains\u201d that include pre-treatment, distillation, reverse osmosis, and polishing. Each step is energy intensive and the process produces highly concentrated waste requiring special disposal. The New Mexico Produced Water Research Consortium has not published estimates based on actual treatment operations of per-barrel treatment costs, total energy consumption, or fossil fuel emissions. The cost, however, is <a href=\"https:\/\/nmwateradvocates.org\/produced-water-feasibility-beneficial-reuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant.<\/a> There are <a href=\"https:\/\/nmwateradvocates.org\/produced-water-feasibility-beneficial-reuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">examples<\/a> of produced water treatment plants failing, closing, and leaving legacy environmental sites for local communities and states to wrestle with. These include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sungazette.com\/news\/outdoors\/2026\/08\/eureka-sells-operations-at-all-3-sites-fracking-waste-is-still-present\/?utm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three Eureka Resources facilities<\/a> in Pennsylvania, the <a href=\"https:\/\/response.epa.gov\/site\/site_profile.aspx?site_id=16192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fairmont Brine<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2023\/09\/19\/radioactive-fracking-waste-west-virginia-veolia-antero-clearwater\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antero Resources-Veolia Clearwater<\/a> facilities in West Virginia, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.farmanddairy.com\/news\/odnr-to-clean-up-brine-waste-at-austin-master-services-facility\/834871.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Austin Master Services<\/a> facility in Ohio.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reuse of treated produced water WOULD NOT solve New Mexico\u2019s water crisis.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-28395 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/produced-water-fact-sheet-graph-padding-1024x375.webp\" alt=\"New Mexico uses about 3 million acre feet of water per year. The maximum possible amount of produced water is 128,893 acre feet, which is much, much smaller.\" width=\"377\" height=\"138\" \/><\/span><\/strong><br \/>Industry generates roughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nmlegis.gov\/sessions\/26%20Regular\/firs\/HB0207.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2 billion<\/a> barrels of produced\u00a0water annually. This volume comes nowhere close to meeting New\u00a0Mexico\u2019s water needs, and the rate of production is likely to decline over time. <a href=\"https:\/\/nmwateradvocates.org\/produced-water-feasibility-beneficial-reuse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roughly half<\/a> of treated produced water ends up as waste. 1\u00a0billion barrels is 128,893 acre feet. New Mexico uses about <a href=\"https:\/\/water-dashboard.nm.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3 million acre feet<\/a> of water per year. Even a generous estimate of the volume of water that could be treated demonstrates that treating produced water is not the answer to New Mexico\u2019s water shortage. The state must look elsewhere, to solutions that don\u2019t threaten the scarce water supplies we have.<\/p>\n<p><b>There ARE NO water quality standards for many of the contaminants in produced water.<\/b>\u00a0New Mexico does not have water quality standards for many contaminants found in produced water. Water quality standards should be established <em><b>prior<\/b><\/em> to discharge to protect human health and the environment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Treated produced water discharge IS NOT already occurring in Texas. New Mexico IS NOT falling behind.<\/strong><br \/>Texas has not permitted discharge of treated produced water in the Permian Basin. The Texas Commission on\u00a0Environmental Quality, in fact, has not issued draft permits for public review although applications are pending, including one submitted over two years ago.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Texas IS NOT taking New Mexico\u2019s produced water for reuse.<\/strong><br \/>New Mexico oil and gas companies pay Texas companies to <strong><em>dispose<\/em><\/strong> of produced water in disposal wells. Texas is not discharging or reusing New Mexico\u2019s produced water or otherwise using our produced water for beneficial use.<\/p>\n<p><b>It\u2019s important to know that:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">The oil and gas industry is proposing to change the 2025 produced water rule to allow discharge of treated produced water to ground and surface waters.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">The push for discharge is for economic reasons: The industry is awash in produced water while deep well disposal is expensive, injection space is becoming limited, and deep injection can cause seismic activity.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">The oil and gas industry does not publicly disclose <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10872473\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10-25% of fracking chemicals<\/a>, which are present in produced water. Without disclosure, it\u2019s more difficult to test for and detect contaminants.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">New Mexico faces a water scarcity crisis. We should not risk this scarce resource without certainty that we can keep our waters clean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;What are next steps?&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><b>Next steps<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Science to characterize and treat produced water should move forward, as allowed under New Mexico\u2019s current produced water rules.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Recycling of produced water in the oilfield should be maximized to reduce fresh water use and to make use of produced water.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">NMED should lead any new rule proposals for treated produced water reuse. NMED is charged with protecting human health and the environment\u2014industry is not. New rules must include water quality standards for all contaminants in produced water prior to authorizing discharge.<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">To address New Mexico\u2019s water scarcity, New Mexico should focus resources on conservation of domestic, municipal, and agricultural consumption of water; infrastructure repair; aquifer mapping; water rights management; and regional planning, measures that do not jeopardize public health and the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>To download a printable PDF version of this fact sheet, click <a href=\"https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2026-NM-Produced-Water-Legislative-Fact-Sheet-updated-2026.09.10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/produced-water-fact-sheet-logos-3.webp&#8221; alt=&#8221;amigos bravos, citizens caring for the future, rio grande chapter sierra club, and welc logos&#8221; title_text=&#8221;produced water fact sheet logos 3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background What is produced water? Produced water is a wastewater byproduct from the drilling and production of oil and gas. It\u2019s a combination of the water and chemicals that go down the well, and the formation water and chemicals that come with the oil or gas that is extracted. Produced water contains known and unknown [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Produced water: Unsafe for discharge or off-oilfield reuse - Western Environmental Law Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/westernlaw.org\/es\/pwfactsheet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Produced water: Unsafe for discharge or off-oilfield reuse - Western Environmental Law Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Background What is produced water? 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